Direct and indirect speech

A. Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).

B. Indirect speech
Indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.

The changing of tense
Direct speech Indirect speech
=> Present continuous
Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing Past continuous
Subject + was/were + verb-ing
=>Simple present
Subject + verb 1 Simple past
Subject +verb 2
=>Simple past
Subject + verb 2 Past perfect
Subject + had + verb 3
=>Present perfect
Subject + has/have + verb 3 Past perfect
Subject + had + verb 3
=>Present future
Subject + will + verb 1 Past future
Subject + would + verb 1
=>Modals
Can + infinitive
May
Must
Could + infinitive
Might
Had to






## Direct speech Indirect speech with the introductory verb in the past tense